Beginning Perl Tutorial on Foreach Loop

The foreach loop is a control structure thats tailor-made to process Perl lists and hashes. Just like the for loop, foreach steps through each element of an array using an iterator. How to Step Through an Array in Perl With Foreach Rather than using a scaler as an iterator,  foreach uses the array itself. For example: You see that this gives the same output as printing the array myNames in its entirety: If all you want is to dump out the contents of the list, you could just print  it. In that case, use the foreach loop to make the output a bit more readable. Youll see that this code creates cleaner output by printing a new line after each item in the list. A Cleaner Foreach Loop The previous example used $_ to print each element of the list. Using this default implied scalar ($_) makes for shorter code and less typing, but it isnt always the best solution. If youre aiming for a highly readable code or if your  foreach  loop is complex, you might be better off assigning a  scalar  as your iterator. There are only two differences: the scalar $name between the  foreach  and the list and the replacement of the default scalar with it inside the loop. The output is exactly the same, but the code is slightly cleaner. Keep in mind: A  foreach  loop is a Perl control structure.It is used to step through each  element of an array.

A New Course Of Action - 998 Words

Didier Lucu Mr.Pithoud English Honors 9 January 21, 2016 A New â€Å"Course† Of Action School is a place you go every day for thirteen-plus years of your life, to learn things you are told you will need in life. A place where you experiment with the world and find out who you are. You never stop to think why your school is how it is. It is something just accepted by students, thinking the adults know what they are doing, and that it is in their best interest. Since starting public school in kindergarten through now, the rules and way things are done have changed very little. In stepping back and looking at the school system with a critical, but fresh view, the way the school systems are structured does not benefit students in the best way they could. In high school, you are assigned six daily classes. Each class wants you to excel in its subject. In order to really excel, you must succeed in completing the heavy load of homework assigned by each classroom. Even the student that does not have outside school activities, can be chall enged by completion of the daunting task of completing the daily homework load. Collected from my own experience and the experiences of other students, the homework assignments amount to somewhere between three to five hours of activity. While not every night is that homework intensive, the overall demand to complete the amount of homework necessary for success is so great, it affects the students’ lives. Information from the NationalShow MoreRelatedWorld At Risk Assessment : Describe Aspects Of A Geographic Issue Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pagesmostly in Brazil. This does not have such a big impact on a lot of humans yet. But the people it does affect are those who live in the rainforests. There are several tribes in the rainforest so when it is cut down it forces the tribe members to find a new area to live. This is similar to what it happening in Syria right now. It also has an effect on the animals that live there. After several years of deforestation there will be a larg e lack in oxygen, food, animals, and possible medicine. Read MoreEthical Decision Making Model Analysis797 Words   |  4 Pagesreflection, supervision/consultation, and action. Many ethical decision making models exist and the seven-step model introduced by Forester-Miller and Davis (1996) is a succinct amalgamation of these earlier models. The model by Forester-Miller and Davis (1996) follows seven progressive steps: (a) identify the problem, (b) apply the ACA Code of Ethics (2014), (c) determine the nature and dimensions of the dilemma, (d) generate potential courses of action, (e) consider the potential consequences ofRead MoreHow effective is 99 Cents Only Stores strategy for IT infrastructure investments? Explain your answer.1083 Words   |  5 Pagesalternative courses of action to deal with the problems they identify. 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(NASA, 2015 Discovery News, 2013 EPA, 2015) (NASA, Sep. 2011) (NASA, 2015) PART TWO – Describe two different opinions that individuals/groups have towards the issue GROUP/INDIVIDUAL #1: BARACK OBAMA FULL DESCRIPTION OF THEIR OPINION: Barack Obama is currently the presidentRead MoreGocb Case Analysis780 Words   |  4 PagesJessica E. Malibiran, Kathleen Fong, Kimberly Co, Kimberly Besana, Blasie Jonota, Myrine Ruiz, Danielle Lorenz Submitted to: Prof. Rodel Pomentil Faculty Class Schedule: MF 3:30 – 5:00PM Date Submitted: October 5, 2013 Viewpoint: New Management of the GOCB Time Context: December 7, 2008 I. Problem Statement: 1. How can GOCB renew their strategy? 2. How can GOCB deal with their unstable status? 3. How GOCB will resolve the problem of the ethical responsibilities of the officersRead MoreHigh Rate Teacher Turnover And Students Reduction1330 Words   |  6 Pagesurgently investigates the reason and resolution. They decide to use action learning which is considered as group-based working on real issues, taking action as well as developing learning as individuals, as a team and as an organization in order to keep loyal teachers and increase numbers of students for school (Marquardt, 2005). According to Professor Red Revans, who coined the term action learning in 1940, says that the first step in action learning process is clarifying the objective that presents theRead MoreHrm 590 Essay949 Words   |  4 Pagespre-questions or mechanical process will lead to the â€Å"right† course of action. In fact, there usually is no single, definitively â€Å"right† solution to most managerial problems. When analyzing a case, remember that there are often many possible solutions. The goal is not to find â€Å"the solution†, but to examine the case and practice analyzing and solving real world strategic issues using the concepts and theories you learn about in this course. 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Within a learning culture the sharing of information can create a positive morale boost

Intelligent Drum Machines Using Cartesian Genetic Programming Initial Essay Sample free essay sample

1. IntroductionA musician’s demand to show their musical thoughts in a manner that is both acoustically pleasing and comfy for whom of all time is utilizing it can non ever be communicated by themselves entirely and frequently requires external aid. This assistance frequently comes in the signifier of an instrument. an interface imparting the ideas and emotions from a user into their surrounding environment manifested into a physical medium. for illustration sound and visible radiation. This study will concentrate in on the acoustic exchange of these thoughts and so will be restricted to the musical art signifier. The engineering that is developed as a solution to this job has been developed with two factors in head ; how it sounds and how easy it is for one to successfully show oneself with it. the later is of import as it is assumed a user must be in comfort to successfully show their thoughts. This standard can be seen from the very beginnings of human musical history in the neutering of membranophone sizes for variable pitch ( figure 1 ) . the usage of multiple instruments at a clip to implement polyphonic thoughts and even the defining of these instruments into easy to utilize tools for illustration a fiddle exhibiting a vibrating twine with a speedy and convenient excitement tool. the bow ( figure 2 ) . Figure 1 taken fromFigure 2: taken fromhypertext transfer protocol: //www. pikespeakonthecheap. com/ ? attachment_id=12024www. kirklessmusicschool. org. United Kingdom These are all human creative activities leting the manifestation of their internal musical thoughts in the physical universe. In more recent developments computing machines have been introduced including applications such as physical modeling. sampling stations. synthesists and accountants for these systems of which any music engineer will be good acquainted with. These. much like the old illustrations. have been produced to non merely add to our bank or musical tools but to farther increase the easiness of the production of music taking the demand to garner a full orchestra. rehearse the cornet for 10 old ages or carry a drum kit about. as all these sounds can now be contained within a little laptop and controlled with a individual keyboard. The downside of utilizing computing machines. nevertheless. is that the music produced is frequently stiff sounding and robotic. much like the underlying systems that drive them. By utilizing appropriate accountants the functionality of an acous tic instrument is mimicked in a device that can pass on with computing machines. commanding these sounds in a manner that makes them sound more natural and realistic. This is of import because it is non ever obvious what it is that we prefer about a existent acoustic public presentation. and even if it was obvious it can non be contained by a set of regulations. merely that we like it or we don’t like it. There is no expression that can generalize art. This is the cardinal job with geting a pleasing and natural sound with electronic instruments and therefore we still require a musician to command these systems to accomplish the sound we desire. It should be noted that sound does non needfully – and in fact at all for the intent of this experiment – refer to the spectral make up of a sound but to the manner in which it is musically shaped ; for illustration a instrumentalist may specify this defining as what makes a musician sound â€Å"musical† or non. Human mistake brings coloring material to a public presentation in the elusive differences in note arrangement and volume doing it sound â€Å"musical† and â€Å" natural† . The map of this study is to experiment with unreal intelligence in using these captions to an bing membranophone path in the hope that it will heighten its musical form. groove or experience without the external influence of a instrumentalist. 2. Literature Reappraisal2. 1 What Makes A Rhythm GrooveIf the purpose of this experiment is to musically heighten a beat so it follows that these sweetenings should be defined. Music that exhibits this sweetening. for illustration a production sourced from a professional drummer. is frequently referred to as â€Å"groovy† in that it contains â€Å"groove† . For this ground in this study this humanistic quality will be referred to as channel throughout. As this experiment focuses on membranophone music. beat or â€Å"beats† it will be the rhythmic channel that is discussed [ 17 ] . â€Å"Groove – or swing – is a aboriginal facet of music. more so for clever and functional sorts of music. such as dance- and folk music. than for art music. Peoples appear to judge the sum of channel fast and effortlessly. although an nonsubjective or consistent definition is desiring. One possible definition of channel could be â€Å"suggestion to travel to the pulse†Ã¢â‚¬  Madison. Guy ( Institute of psychological science. Uppsala university ) [ 18 ] General consensus seems to associate â€Å"Groove† with swing. motion and the incompatibilities found in a human public presentation. Although hard to specify. the consequence of channel is wholly agreed in that it suggests to the hearer a pacing or pulsation. doing the hearer experience the demand to tap their pes. nod their caput or even dance. A short experiment was carried out to try a classification of the parametric quantities which affect channel utilizing a typical dance beat frequently referred to as a 4/4 round or more conversationally â€Å"four on the floor† . See the following two drum paths exhibiting typical beat found in music today ( figure 3 and 4 ) . Both contain the same round ; retaining pacing. instruments and note arrangements nevertheless the latter has been performed by a instrumentalist instead than produced on a computing machine. It should be noted that although channel may change with genre. due to its association with genres such as dance. wind and common people music. a drummer who specialises in these genres was used. For the intent of this experiment both recordings will be recorded in the MIDI sphere and therefore an electronic membranophone kit was used in the procedure of entering the instrumentalist. This besides removes all timbral qualities added by the user. leting the experiment to concentrate on strictly musical qualities. The instrumentalist was given a click path to let him to synchronize his public presentation ; nevertheless no quantization was applied therefore the incompatibilities will give an thought a s to what is adding this human quality. Figures 3 and 4 show a typical MIDI membranophone machine where the x-axis portrays clip and the y-axis is instrument. The speed of a note is shown by the strength of coloring material: a dark ruddy displays a note high in speed and a light ruddy shows a note depression in speed. This is shown more clearly in the note speed charts below the note arrangement diagrams. Figure 3: Computer performed beat Figure 3: Human performed beat By review. three chief differences can be seen:1. Note lengths are varied by a apparently random factor2. Note speeds are varied by a apparently random factor. This fluctuation although random shows a periodic nature as seen in higher speed hi chapeaus on the 3rd semi quaver of each round. 3. Note arrangement shows an beginning. This fluctuation although apparently random besides displays a common beginning for the 2nd and 4th sixteenth notes where they are delayed by a little fraction of the sixteenth note whole number. This factor is frequently referred to as â€Å"swing† Note that this experiment is concentrating in the musical facets of what makes a rhythm channel and will non be taking into history timbral facets of music. This does non intend to state that timbral qualities do non lend towards the channel of a musical production. 2. 2 Automatic CompositionComputers have developed to such an extent that it is now possible for them to non merely bring forth and execute music but to help its creative activity both in progress and in existent clip i. e. improvisation. Chew overing for illustration. a rhythmic composing plan. evolves membranophone forms and is used as a compositional assistance [ 11 ] while the familial drummer uses similar techniques to bring forth an attach toing membranophone path designed for a unrecorded public presentation scenario [ 12 ] . There are even plans which listen to existent clip sound and improvise along side a instrumentalist. for illustration Haile the automaton drummer [ 13 ] . a testament to modern twenty-four hours music engineering. It is systems like these and the techniques used by them that are of involvement in this study as they may give an indicant of how to accomplish a humanistic membranophone machine. Although these machines harness unreal intelligence ( AI ) to co mpose and improvize music. there is still a clear divide between the creative activity of music and the human sweetening of music. the later being the purpose and focal point of this experiment. However if a computing machine can independently make art so there is no ground to govern out the add-on of human qualities such as channel besides. In general automatic musical composing involves specifying a set of regulations and limitations within a system before leting this system to do determinations. most likely with random or pseudo random procedure to choose options. An illustration of this might include specifying a major graduated table. curtailing the plan to euphonic notes merely. By specifying these regulations a computing machine is able to compose without direct influence from a user while retaining some signifier of musical construction. a graduated table. meter or signifier. This technique lays down the basic construction of an algorithmic composing doing automatic musical composing possible. The disadvantages of this system nevertheless are the inactive nature of an algorithm. in that alterations in the regulations that govern it must be pre defined. difficult code d into the plan frequently ensuing in humdrum composings or composings of a fixed length. If these regulations are made less rigorous so the ensuing sound is frequently Atonal and nonmusical. which is unsurprising as no manner of stipulating fittingness is available. This fittingness is defined by how good it achieves its end or how closely it resembles the coveted solution and in the instance of music how â€Å"good† it sounds. The trouble in programming a computing machine to bring forth â€Å"good† music can easy be seen due to the subjective nature of music. Thus it can be seen that more complex systems are required to compose music on a more human degree. Familial package. unlike evolutionary algorithms. is dynamic in that it changes or evolves itself over clip. mutating the interior workings and functionality of the plan. The combination and routings of internal constituents are non defined but continually changed. These alterations are continually guided by a fittingness map stipulating the end. In the instance of bring forthing music or art. the fitt ingness is frequently user defined as antecedently noted ; there is no expression that can generalize art. This technique is normally used and has been found more successful in imitating the humanistic traits found in music. 2. 3 Familial SchedulingFamilial Programming ( GP ) is a subdivision of evolutionary scheduling that utilises the automatic development of computational constructions ( such as mathematical equations. computing machine plans. digital circuits. etc. ) [ 1 ] to work out jobs. GP can be represented by a figure of nodes or cells connected together in concatenation like constructions. Data is passed through these nodes where by each node contains an operation appropriate for the information nowadays. The package varies the routing of informations between these nodes – i. e. the order in which they are performed on informations – before comparing the ensuing informations frequently via user feedback. This automatic fluctuation is referred to as mutant. The undermentioned diagrams ( figure 5 and 6 ) give an illustration of this procedure: Figure 5: First combination: Figure 6: Second â€Å"mutated† combination The fittingness of each nodal combination or â€Å"chromosome† must so be deduced. The end products of chromosomes 1 and 2 can so be compared to infer the fittest solution where by the fittest theoretical account is selected and passed down to the following coevals. Through this comparing influential nodes may be defined and kept. while less of import nodes can be farther varied to optimize the plans map. This is frequently achieved by â€Å"breeding† the chromosomes. uniting constituents from each parent giving birth to a new combination. While merely two combinations are ab initio proposed. in many familial plans the population of chromosomes would be much greater presenting a wider assortment of solutions and perchance even a faster development rate. Parameters like these will straight impact the success of the plan in how expeditiously it solves the given job. However. it should be noted that for different jobs different rates are optimum. This mutant and comparing procedure is repeated continuously. hence the evolutionary facet of this package [ 2 ] . A common illustration of the use of GP is the going salesman job portraying a salesman who must go between legion colonies in order to sell his ware. The job in this is happening the shortest way for the salesman while guaranting all colonies are visited one time. There is no general expression that can work out this job and therefore a test and mistake experimental attack must be taken. GP is utile at this point as it itself uses a test and mistake attack in the routing of informations between operations. The operations could be defined as paths between colonies and the routing between them straight represents the order of paths taken by the salesman. The feedback in this job is besides easy defined as. unlike music and art. all we require is the smallest possible value. Therefore by continually running this plan and comparing the consequences. when a lower limit is reached we have a solution [ 1 ] [ 3 ] . The subdivision of Genetic scheduling that will be used in this experiment wi ll be Cartesian familial scheduling ( CGP ) . a C based plan where by the maps used are represented by an array of Numberss. CGP is peculiarly utile. as it has been designed with a black box outlook. To clear up. a CGP plan will take an arbitrary figure of inputs and green goods and arbitrary figure of end products. So long as the system has been altered to manage the desired informations type and appropriate maps have been selected. the procedure of CGP does non necessitate any version from job to job hence its universally applicable nature and choice for this experiment. For illustration consider CGP applied to an arithmetical context whereby the information type would merely be Numberss and the operations would include mathematical maps such as add-on. generation and sinusoidal operators. CGP besides allows the quality or rate of development to be customised by specifying parametric quantities in a. par file. This allows the change of population sizes. mutant rates. the scope in which single nodes can pass on with each other ; degrees back and the operators included. Figure 7: CGPs intelligence is in its flexibleness. The user or coder gives CGP all the needed resources and ushers it without straight work outing the job. With minimum restraints it can frequently happen originative and even surprising solutions whose method is merely defined by what we see at the input and the end product. how the plan achieves this map is of no concern. Its evolutionary nature besides means that it may neer come up with the same solution twice. exposing about human behavior. For these grounds it has even been successfully used in the creative activity of art. Examples of this art can be seen below in figure 8 developed by Laurence Adam Zendric Ashmore [ 5 ] Figure 8: More of these illustrations can be found at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. emoware. org/evolutionary_art. asp The art created. although abstract. seldom followed the same evolutionary forms and most significantly of all was gratifying for users to see. For this ground it is speculated that this about human personality will impart itself to the neutering of computing machine generated music paths in the hope that it might add a human and natural feel or channel. The manner in which this feel is added to an bing membranophone path is non defined nor is it known what we are taking for. it merely utilises the user’s ability to specify what they like or dislike to direct the development of this composing. 2. 4 MidiMIDI is a musical interfacing linguistic communication that specifies the musical content of a existent clip or antecedently recorded composing. Musical content refers to the strictly musical thoughts as opposed to the timber of the sounds used to convey these thoughts. This can be summarised by the parametric quantities pitch. speed. length and arrangement of these notes relative to each other. A cosmopolitan illustration of this might be musical notation on paper where by multiple instrumentalists across the Earth are executing the same music but with their ain instruments and sounds. Musical notation ( figure 9 ) does non incorporate the existent sound merely the thought of it. Figure 9MIDI ( figure 10 ) is precisely the same nevertheless is much more cosmopolitan in that it can pass on non merely with instrumentalists but with computing machines. synthesists and membranophone machines besides. Figure 10The ground for this separation of musical and timbral qualities is strictly for convenience. leting the cosmopolitan communicating of modern twenty-four hours musical devices while optimizing the velocity and quality at which they communicate. In other words ; modern twenty-four hours musical instruments have been modularised. dividing the duties of making the music and making the sound the music is played with into separate entities. Implementing this package with the MIDI interface automatically turns a strictly experimental process into a possible musical instrument that may be used by existent instrumentalists and faculty members likewise. The MIDI library being used will be the PortMIDI library due to its unfastened beginning handiness and popularity within the industry. PortMIDI is besides written in C. a linguistic communication wholly compatible with Numberss of which CGP can easy bring forth and interface with [ 6 ] . 3. The Experiment3. 1 Proposition and AimsThe proposition of this experiment is to use natural choice to germinate an bing membranophone tracks’ public presentation in order to accomplish a more natural. organic and bang-up composing. Cartesian familial scheduling will use a dynamic system that can be used to bring forth a set of Numberss whose values will command a set of parametric quantities in a membranophone machine. These parametric quantities have been deduced as channel heightening therefore the information from CGP will hold a direct consequence on the membranophone paths groove. The development of these Numberss will be automatically evolved to prove an array of cases of our membranophone path and will be guided by a fittingness map. a user who will specify what they â€Å"like† and what they â€Å"dislike† . Like and dislike will be defined by whatever production sounds more natural. human and groovy to the user. This procedure will be repeated over a series of coevalss. Through this choice. fit chromosomes will be defined and evolved. The undermentioned diagram ( figure 11 ) displays the chief construction of this plan. Figure 11: The chief aim is to germinate what might ab initio be a robotic and unpleasant sounding rhythmic composing into 1 that exhibits natural inclinations and fluctuations i. e. shows a channel of which until now have merely been possible by utilizing existent life instrumentalists or meticulously redacting membranophone paths in audio redaction package. Although this is possible by utilizing existent instrumentalists to command electronic instruments. ideally this sweetening would non trust on a existent instrumentalist and could be applied with a computing machine. If this is found successful the ultimate end is to implement this channel development in a existent clip scenario making what could be considered as an intelligent attach toing midi membranophone machine. This engine would play boundlessly until told to halt by a user and would invariably germinate guided merely by the user specified fittingness of the composings produced. Use of the Midi sphere will let user specified samples and customisation of the public presentation. This ability would non merely aid the composing and production of music but could besides profit instrumentalists in public presentation. some of which might even excite new musical thoughts. 3. 2 Cartesian Genetic Programming and MIDIIn this experiment CGP will be used to bring forth a series of drifting point Numberss between 0 and 1 that will specify the change of the channel heightening parametric quantities in an bing membranophone path. The membranophone path will be antecedently defined in a MIDI plan and as follows ( figure 12 ) : Figure 12: The channel heightening parametric quantities are as follows: 1. Note beginningOffset refers to the sum every 2nd semi quaver or 16th note is delayed. This hold is typical of â€Å"swing† traits found in many genres of music. This beginning will change non merely from genre to genre or from musician to musician but is besides dynamic within a existent clip public presentation or composing as no instrumentalist can stay wholly in clip. The sum of beginning applied will be defined as a per centum. a float figure from 0 to 1. Figure 13: 2. Note speedSpeed refers to the force at which a note is played. This should non be confused with volume. although speed will frequently correlate straight with the volume of a sound it besides effects the onslaught and timber of a sound. This division between volume and speed should be made clear as in modern electronic instruments the volume can be altered independently without impacting the timber. Velocity will once more be defined as a per centum of the full available speed as a float figure from 0 to 1. 3. Note lengthEach note is assigned a topographic point within the saloon of music played. For illustration hi-hats are played every semi quaver or 16th note. Note length refers to the per centum of this assigned country that the note is really played. This per centum will be defined as a float figure between 0 and 1. Figure 14: The beginning will be defined for a whole saloon while note speed and note length will be defined for each sixteenth note within a individual hook separately. This pick has been made due to the insistent nature of rhythmic composings in for illustration wind. electronic or popular membranophone composings. Thus the MIDI channel heightening parametric quantities required from CGP can be summarised as follows: †¢1 parametric quantity which specifies the beginning†¢4 parametric quantities which specify speed of each hello chapeau in a hook round†¢1 parametric quantity which specifies trap membranophone speed†¢1 parametric quantity which specifies kick membranophone speed†¢4 parametric quantities which specify note length of each hello chapeau in a hook round†¢1 parametric quantity which specifies trap drum note length†¢1 parametric quantity which specifies kick drum note length All of which can be summarised into 13 floating-point Numberss between 0 and 1. The Numberss provided by CGP must non merely be within an appropriate scope in order to interface successfully with our MIDI membranophone machine but must besides mutate suitably. This means that the parametric quantities that define the quality and velocity of development of the CGP plan must be optimised for this peculiar job. There is no available information on this peculiar job neither is there a expression that may be used to reason this. so an experimental attack will be taken. To guarantee compatibility both MIDI and CGP plans will be written in C scheduling linguistic communication. This will let both constituents to be contained in close propinquity while retaining a convenient application medium. 3. 3 General Approach and PlanTo guarantee a successful experiment and completion before the deadline thorough planning is necessary [ 20 ] . To get down with. the undertaking at manus must be broken down and defined to let review and executing of the undertaking attack. This will do foreseen jobs seeable understating jobs and holds during the experimentation procedure while leting satisfactory clip for research and all background reading required. The undertaking can be broken down into the undermentioned undertakings: †¢Gain acquaintance with C programming linguistic communication†¢Gain acquaintance with CGP†¢Gain acquaintance with PortMIDI†¢Develop CGP for required parametric quantities†¢Develop simple membranophone machine reliant on proposed parametric quantities†¢Interface Drum Machine with CGP†¢Optimise CGPs functionality†¢Test plan on users†¢Report consequences The administration of these undertakings is every bit of import to guarantee completion before the deadline. The undermentioned GANT chart is proposed ( figure 15 ) : Figure 15: As can be drawn from the GANT chart ( figure 15 ) much has been achieved already. Individual constituents have been constructed and the coaction of both MIDI membranophone machine and CGP has already begun. Once this has been achieved it will be necessary to optimise the functionality of CGP before proving the merchandise on users before finishing the concluding write up. Mentions [ 1 ] Miller J. F. . Thomson P. Cartesian Genetic Programming. Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Genetic Programming. Springer LNCS 1802 ( 2000 ) 121-132. [ 2 ] Koza. John R. â€Å"Genetic scheduling as a agency for programming computing machines by natural choice. † Statistics and Calculating 4 ( 2 ) ( 1994 ) : 87-112. [ 3 ] Larranaga. Pedro. et Al. â€Å"Genetic algorithms for the going salesman job: A reappraisal of representations and operators. † Artificial Intelligence Review 13 ( 2 ) ( 1999 ) : 129-170. [ 4 ] David. B. Fogel. â€Å"Applying evolutionary scheduling to selected going salesman jobs. † Cybernetics and systems 24 ( 1 ) ( 1993 ) : 27-36. [ 5 ] Ashmore. Laurence. and J. Miller. â€Å"Evolutionary Art with Cartesian Genetic Programming. † Technical Online Report ( 2004 ) . [ 6 ] Wikipedia ( 2013 ) MIDI. [ on-line ] Site: hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/MIDI [ Accessed: 7 Feb 2013 ] . [ 7 ] Harding. Simon L. . Julian F. Miller. and Wolfgang Banzhaf. â€Å"Self-modifying Cartesian familial scheduling. † Cartesian Genetic Programming ( 2011 ) : 101-124. [ 8 ] Costelloe. Dan. and Conor Ryan. â€Å"Genetic scheduling for subjective fittingness map designation. † Familial Programming ( 2004 ) : 259-268. [ 9 ] Senaratna. Nuwan I. â€Å"AUTOMATIC MUSIC COMPOSITION USING A TREE OF INTERACTING EMERGENT SYSTEMS. † ( 2006 ) . [ 10 ] Tokui. Nao. and Hitoshi Iba. â€Å"Music composing with synergistic evolutionary calculation. † Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on productive art. Vol. 17. No. 2. 2000. [ 11 ] Geneffects. MuSing. Beat Maker Drum Software. Beat Machine Site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. geneffects. com/musing/ [ 12 ] Martin Dostal. The Familial Drummer. rhythmic accompaniment Site: hypertext transfer protocol: //dostal. inf. upol. cz/evm. hypertext markup language [ 13 ] Georgia Tech. Haile. Robotic DrummerSite: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. gtcmt. gatech. edu/research-projects/haile [ 14 ] Johanson. Brad. and Riccardo Poli. â€Å"GP-music: An synergistic familial scheduling system for music coevals with machine-controlled fittingness raters. †Genetic Programing 1998: Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference. 1998. [ 15 ] John A. Maurer. A history of Algorithmic Composition ( 1999 ) Site: hypertext transfer protocol: //ccrma. Stanford. edu/~blackrse/algorithm. hypertext markup language [ 16 ] Friberg. Anders. and Andreas Sundstrom. â€Å"Swing ratios and ensemble timing in wind public presentation: Evidence for a common rhythmic form. † Music Perception19. 3 ( 2002 ) : 333-349. [ 17 ] Wikipedia ( 2013 ) . Groove ( music ) [ on-line ] Site: hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Groove_ ( music ) [ Accessed: 1 Feb 2013 ] . [ 18 ] Madison. Guy. â€Å"Different sorts of channel in wind and dance music as indicated by listeners’ evaluations. † Proceedings of the VII International Symposium on Systematic and Comparative Musicology and III International Conference on Cognitive Musicology. University of Jyvaskyla . 2001. [ 19 ] Miller J. F. . Tempesti G. â€Å"Bio-inspired computer science and Introduction to Bio-inspired Computing† Site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. elec. York. Ac. uk/internal_web/meng/yr4/modules/Bio_Inspired_Comp/bic. hypertext markup language [ Accessed: 10 Jan 2013 ] [ 20 ] A. Hunt. â€Å"Your Research Undertaking: How to Pull off It† . New York: Routledge. 2005. Bibliography Miller J. F. . Thomson P. â€Å"Cartesian Genetic Programming† . Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Genetic Programming. Springer LNCS 1802 ( 2000 ) 121-132. Mitchell Melanie. â€Å"An Introduction To Genetic Algorithms† . 1st erectile dysfunction. MIT imperativeness ( 1998 ) . Butler. Mark Jonathan. â€Å"Unlocking the channel: beat. metre. and musical design in electronic dance music† . Indiana University Press. ( 2006 ) . A. Hunt. â€Å"Your Research Undertaking: How to Pull off It† . New York: Routledge. 2005.

A Symbol In Lord Of The Flies free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper The symbol of fire is used throughout the full book, Lord of the Flies. Although it is mentioned merely briefly throughout, the significance of these happenings has a strong consequence on the characters, book, and the reader. The writer, William Golding, uses the fire to demo the position of the people on the island. The fire is first mentioned in chapter three when Ralph decides that it is needed if they wish to of all time be rescued. It is once more reintroduced in chapter eight when Piggy suggests that it should be moved to the beach on which they are populating. Fire is subsequently mentioned in chapters 10s and eleven as the cardinal struggle in the book at that clip. This symbol is eventually mentioned in chapter 12 as it engulfs the full island. Golding uses fire as a symbol to stand for hope and commonsense. He besides uses the fire as a symbol from their absence from inevitable savageness. Fire is foremost introduced by Ralph as a agency to pass on with the exterior universe stating they need aid and necessitate to be rescued. He says? If a ship comes near the island they may non detect us. So we must do fume on top of the mountain. We must do a fire. ? He and Jack shortly come to the realisation that they have nil to illume the fire with ; immediately they notice that they can utilize Piggy? s spectacless. Piggy shortly becomes angry and is critical of how they use and maintain it. After Jack has agreed to maintaining the fire lit along with his choir male childs, he ascends to the mountain. One twenty-four hours while a ship is seen drifting by the fire is non illuminated. Ralph becomes really huffy at Jack even though he has caught a hog for nutrient. The fire is a gift signifier Piggy to the dwellers of the island. It represents the hope of being rescued. Subsequently in chapter 8, after Jack has seceded from Ralph? s folk, Piggy suggests that the fire should be moved to the beach. While the fire is being built many of Ralph? s followings leave to Jack? s folk. They build the fire by the bathing pool and visible radiation it when they are done. This shows Piggy? s commonsense because their was no point in holding to travel so far to maintain the fire lit. It besides helps to maintain Ralph? s head on something other than the bad things that have come of Jack and sezession. The Ralph represents the bathing pool because he is ever seeking to remain clean and the bathing pool is where people go to stay clean. The Piggy represents the fire because it was his gift to the island. Puting the fire next to the bathing pool represents the close bond between Ralph and Piggy. Again in chapter 10 fire is mentioned as the major struggle between Ralph and Jack. With their folk depleted, Ralph? s followings start to miss involvement in the fire and the hope of being rescued. One dark while Ralph? s folk is asleep Jack? s folk comes over and bargains Piggy? s spectacless and the power to do fire. Ralph and Piggy go to Jack and say that they would hold lief shared the fire with him, wholly he had to make was inquire. By stealing the power to do fire Ralph has lost the power to do logical determinations and the power to take. When Piggy says that he will portion the fire he truly believes that this fact will convey the two folks together and halt the warfare. This is proved false when Jack refuses to collaborate. The symbol of fire in this book shows the relationship of Ralph and Jack by the arrangement of the fire. It besides represented the hope of being rescued and every bit shortly as Jack gained ownership of it, all hope was lost for Ralph and his folk. The fire represented commonsense to Ralph all throughout the book and when he lost it he lost the ability to do logical determinations which would hold saved his life. This proves the point that the fire represents the position of the people on the island Bibliography Lord of the Fliess

Importance Of Trade Union In Modern Workplace Management Essay Essay Example

Importance Of Trade Union In Modern Workplace Management Essay Essay Often we read in newspapers, group of workers of a mill traveling on work stoppage or coming together in privation of some common motivation. These groups of people are known as trade brotherhoods. Trade Unions are group of workers of an organisation or a mill that raises their voice together so that their demands can better be represented in forepart of the governments. They have a common end or purpose. In this epoch, where everyone realizes the importance of workers, trade brotherhoods have a really of import function to play. Originating in Europe, trade brotherhoods became really popular in states during the Industrial Revolution, when the deficiency of skilled workers shifted employment bargaining power about wholly to the employers, doing many workers to be mistreated and underpaid. Trade brotherhood organisations may be composed of single workers or professionals. The most common intent of these organisations is to keep or better the conditions of their employment. Over the past 300 old ages, trade brotherhoods have developed into a figure of signifiers, influenced by different political aims. TRADE Union: We will write a custom essay sample on Importance Of Trade Union In Modern Workplace Management Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Importance Of Trade Union In Modern Workplace Management Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Importance Of Trade Union In Modern Workplace Management Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Trade Unions prove good for workers, as the chief purpose of organizing this group is to forestall the workers from being exploited by the senior functionaries. For illustration, if a worker is unhappy with the wage he is acquiring he can speak to his colleagues and jointly they can raise their voice to acquire the wage they deserve. Trade brotherhood is even helpful for the direction of the house, as they can cognize the demands of the worker which helps them know workers better and supply them an environment where they are able to work expeditiously and assist them to keep good criterions. Decisions are taken through the corporate bargaining procedure and dialogues between employer and brotherhoods. The relationship between trade brotherhood and employer is called as industrial dealingss. In general footings, trade brotherhoods satisfy their demands through dialogues peacefully, but sometimes other tough actions need to be taken by the brotherhoods. These actions can be in the signifier of work stoppages, work to govern, travel slow, picketing, overtime prohibition, etc. In Strikes, workers reciprocally decide non to come for work. In work to govern, workers tend to be excessively critical ; knock on minor inside informations. In Go Slow, workers work with slow gait so as to slower production velocity. In picketing, workers demonstrate through mottos and streamers. In overtime, the workers refuse to work and so the company is unable to run into the demand. All the employers try to avoid such state of affairss, as such state of affairss lead to loss and even shuting down of the company. In United Kingdom, in order to deliver employers from industrial Acts of the Apostless and employees from being exploited, authorities has created ACAS. ACAS stands for Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service. When brotherhood and employers continue to challenge they can travel to ACAS to decide the affair. It is an independent organic structure financed by authorities. It gives indifferent advises. TYPE OF TRADE UNIONS: There are major four types of trade brotherhoods: 1 ) . Crafts of Skill Unions: This brotherhood consists of all those workers possessing same type of accomplishments. 2 ) . Industrial Unions: This brotherhood represents workers of the same industry. 3 ) . General Unions: This brotherhood is formed by aggregation of workers from different industries and holding different accomplishments. 4 ) . White Collar Unions: This brotherhood represents all the office workers at higher stations. STRUCTURE OF TRADE UNIONS: The construction refers to how the trade brotherhoods are organized. They can be organized on the footing of trades brotherhood, industrial brotherhoods or general brotherhoods. The other method to form trade brotherhoods can be the manner works degree, local degree, regional degree and national degree are interrelated. Plant Level Union- Plant degree is the first and the lowest degree of the construction. This type brotherhood is formed in individual company. Maximum seven members can be a portion of this type, due to this in merely one company there are multiple such brotherhoods. Local Level Federations- Local degree Union is the 2nd degree of the construction. This consists of the works degree brotherhoods at the local degree in a peculiar industry. The local degree brotherhood can be an independent organic structure or can be affiliated with national degree or regional degree brotherhoods. Regional Level Federations- All the local degree brotherhoods of a peculiar province or part jointly come under regional degree Union. National Level Federations- This is national degree organic structure which gives association to all works degree brotherhood, local degree brotherhood and regional degree brotherhoods. These degrees have been summarized below in the diagram: ADVANTAGES OF HAVING TRADE UNIONS: Trade brotherhoods can turn out good to both employer every bit good as the employees. Benefits for Employees: Increased rewards for its members- Industries with trade brotherhoods tend to hold higher rewards than non-unionized industries. Workers tend to be more demanding when in a group. Together when they raise their voice, it is more powerful as the functionaries are scared of the tough actions which brotherhoods might take when there needs non met. Represent Workers- Trades Unions besides protect workers from being exploited by senior direction. Trades brotherhoods can give besides aid workers who might be stuck in a legal job. Important for Service Sector- In modern work force, there is lessening in the power of the trade brotherhood. This is because of a diminution in fabrication and roar in service sector employment. Service sector occupations are by and large impermanent or are of portion clip footing. There are more opportunities of development of workers in footings in this sector in footings of less wage, bad working conditions or fewer inducements. Trade brotherhoods need to be more argus-eyed in this approaching sector. Individual rights better protected- Workers have their single rights better protected. They can non be below the belt dismissed from work, or they can non be racially or sexually discriminated. Member Services- Members of the trade brotherhood are frequently offered benefits of certain scope of services, like Education and preparation on basic accomplishments, employment rights, wellness and safety and other issues ; Legal advice on employment and personal issues ; Discounts on mortgages, insurance and loans from brotherhoods ; And besides welfare benefits in footings of fiscal assistance when a individual is ill or unemployed. Benefits for Employers: To counter balance monopsony power- Traditionally, monopsonies occur when there is merely one house in a town, or type of employment. However, in modern economic systems, many employers have a high grade of market power ( monopsony ) . The on the job conditions, regulations and ordinances, rewards are of determined harmonizing to the market power. More the market power, more will be the control over the trade brotherhoods. Productivity deals- Trades Unions can assist to negociate productiveness trades. This means they help the house to increase production which enables the house to be able to afford higher rewards. This besides helps promoting workers to work expeditiously. Trades brotherhoods can be of import for implementing new working patterns which improve productiveness. Workers are more motivated- When all sort of interests- societal, economic and political, are being looked upon, the workers tend to stay motivated and works expeditiously. This reflects on the quality and gait of the production. This besides controls the abrasion rates which saves the employer from the immense labour turnover costs. Trade brotherhoods help in accelerated gait of economic development in many ways: By assisting in the enlisting and choice of workers. By staying with subject among the work force By assisting in colony of industrial differences in a rational mode By doing societal accommodations. Workers have to set themselves to the new on the job conditions, the new regulations and policies. Workers coming from different backgrounds may go disorganised, unsated and defeated. Unions help them in doing such accommodation. Trade brotherhoods are a portion of society and as such, have to take into consideration the national integrating every bit good. Some of import societal duties of trade brotherhoods include: advancing and keeping national integrating by cut downing the figure of industrial differences integrating a sense of societal duty in workers accomplishing industrial peace PROBLEMS OF TRADE Union: Trade brotherhood can make certain jobs. When there demand goes high, it is hard to command their greed and fit up their outlooks. The employers are frequently in fright of workers traveling on work stoppage. More such jobs are: Creates Unemployment- If labour markets are competitory, higher rewards will do unemployment. Trades brotherhoods demand for higher rewards through the menace of work stoppages, work to govern etc. When the rewards are higher n industry, manufacturers will non be able to afford more which cause ballad offs and unemployment. Ignore Non Members- Trades brotherhoods merely consider the demands of its members ; they frequently ignore those who are non portion of the labour market i.e. the unemployed. They must besides be considered so as to cut down inequalities. Lost Productivity- If brotherhoods go on work stoppage and work fruitlessly ( work to govern ) it can take to lost gross revenues and end product. This will take to closing of the company. This will finally take to loss of occupations. Engage Inflation- If brotherhoods become excessively powerful they can dicker for higher rewards, above the rate of rising prices. If this occurs it may lend to general rising prices. Economy may topple. Decision: This study in short negotiations about trade brotherhoods. The study begins with a brief history about trade brotherhoods and tells us what a trade brotherhood is. It so highlights the types and construction of trade brotherhoods. Then, the turning importance of trade brotherhoods in the modern workplace has been richly highlighted. The study besides tells us the drawbacks of holding trade brotherhoods. The chief aim of fixing this study was to demo the importance of trade brotherhoods in the modern workplace and how they protect the involvements of the workers.

9 Marvelous Things to Do on Spring Break

9 Marvelous Things to Do on Spring Break Spring is coming, and this means that you will have some spare time to spend with your friends, family or on your own. If the thoughts about your upcoming spring break dont urge a dreamy smile on your face, then you probably need to read our article about the best places to visit and the best things to do on your spring break. We promise that our ideas will make you more enthusiastic about this period of your school year. Lets get straight to business and look at some fun things to do on spring break. What to Do on Spring Break with Your Family Many students go home for a spring break. Its a perfect occasion to gather and have fun with your beloved ones. Here are a few activities for family time: 1. Go on a trip Going on a trip is an excellent idea for a family vacation. You can choose where to go according to the type of pastime you prefer: Theme parks – with rides, clubs, attractions, and games. This type of parks provide activities for different age groups so every family member will find an exciting occupation there. Adventure parks – for those who love active sports. Rope climbing, zip line adventures or skiing – what do you prefer? Choose the best experience for you and your family. Natural wonders – Grand Canyon, Niagara Falls or Arches Natural Park. The beauty of nature is healing for your stressed mind. A boat trip – spend a few days on board and relax admiring the waves. 2. Attend a baseball game Its the beginning of a new game season, dont miss a chance! Hot dogs, friendly atmosphere, and favorite teams are perfect components of the great family day. 3. Open a barbecue season If the weather is fine, take advantage of it, and gather with your family for a barbecue. Make your backyard a place of fun and tasty grilled meal. Family activities like baseball, tennis and board games will help you to spend time with fun and joy. What to Do on Spring Break with Your Friends If you decided to spend this time with your friends, you know for sure you wont get bored. Take a look at some of the most interesting and exciting activities for a group of friends on spring break. Here are three things to do on spring break for college students. 1. Have a beach party Beach parties are trendy among students. Sea, sand, drinks, music, and tasty snacks are a perfect combination. Invite your college mates to shop for some must-haves: disposable tableware, punch ingredients, balls for beach volleyball, and sunscreen. 2. Set off on a road trip A road trip around the country is a classic activity to have during school breaks. You can go hitchhiking, but taking your car or your friend’s car will be safer and more comfortable. Pick the places you want to visit, create your route on a map and start your adventure. 3. Visit a party spot Even though Cancun, Jamaica, Las Vegas or Miami are pricey, they attract thousands of students from different places for a spring break vacations. With parties until dawn and lots of places for a shopping spree, these are the perfect places to spend your spring break with your friends. Check out other ideas for fun activities for you and your friends. What to Do on Spring Break by Yourself If you dont want to spend this time with anyone else or the circumstances make you so, we have some exciting ideas for you too. 1. Watch Netflix and chill You probably had a very intensive semester with lots of assignments and deadlines. Relax and have some healing time for your body and your soul. Watching TV, eating tasty food and going for a walk will make you feel like a whole new person with lots of energy to start your new semester. There are some excellent TV shows about college life that you will find entertaining and fun to watch. 2. Take some time for spring cleaning Not everyone likes to make a cleaning session at home. However, it can be fun and kind of relaxing activity. Take your time and start slowly. By cleaning the mess around, you can clear your mind and get rid of disturbing thoughts. Fresh clothes and shiny mirrors will positively affect your mood. 3. Volunteer Sometimes we forget about people who are in need of our help and sympathy. You can dedicate your spare time to making someones life a little better. Visit shelters and local churches to find out more about the ways you can help. Or maybe there is a senior who lives next to you? You can make your contribution with small deeds – helping with groceries or cleaning. By helping others, you can help yourself to distract from anxious thoughts and stressful studying semester. So, these were 9 things to do for spring break at home or with your friends. Hope, you will find our ideas useful. Have a good time!

Should smoking be illegal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Should smoking be illegal - Essay Example The most popular of which is cigarette smoking, the other being cigar and pipes. There are some variations like the strange hookah of the Middle East or the water pipes found in a specialty bar round a city corner. The popularity of tobacco, particularly cigarettes, led to some cultural stereotypes. For example, cigar is used commonly by men. Experts point to several factors why smoking is prevalent. Among young people for instance, smoking is cool and for some, it is a passport to adulthood. Some adults rely on smoking to calm their nerves. David Krogh wrote in his book that people use tobacco to normalize their feelings within the narrow band necessary for functioning within an industrial society, where energy levels have to be carefully rationed according to expectations. (qtd. in â€Å"Wikipedia par. 35†) Indeed, smoking has become a lucrative industry that markets were now identified and there are cigarette variations targeted toward the young, men, women, professionals, sporty types and so on. Today some of the most notable brands - Philip Morris, Marlboro, Camel and Virginia Slims - have transformed themselves into successful brand identities and some, cultural icons, too. The major issue against tobacco smoking is the health consequences. So far this had been the most effective detrimental to tobacco use and a cause for those in favor of total smoking ban. Again, we quote the WHO on how smoking claim lives and produce grim statistics that have been documented through the years: â€Å"Tobacco is the second major cause of death in the world. It is currently responsible for the death of one in ten adults worldwide (about 5 million deaths each year). If current smoking patterns continue, it will cause some 10 million deaths each year by 2020. Half the people that smoke today -that is about 650 million people- will eventually be killed by tobacco.† (WHO par. 1) Researches have specifically found that smoking is a major

OPS Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

OPS Assignment - Essay Example These steps include taking orders from the company, making a database of orders in his laptop, starting with the problem statements of the orders, analyzing the issues, writing sequence of steps to be taken for gathering of data, switching on the internet, searching for the required software modules, perform coding as per requirement of those software projects, testing them, making the document of the project which needed at least four hours, and in the end, deliver the ordered software projects to the company and getting paid for the successful accomplishment of the orders. Now, all these steps mentioned above take a very long time in order to get an order completed. Like he takes two orders per day in which one order requires coding and the other one requires just documentation. But the problem here is that he will start doing second project when he will get the first order completed. He spends at least ten hours to complete both orders. His personal life also gets affected due to this long duration. The thing is that he should make an efficient flowchart to get these orders completed spending less time. To accomplish this, he will have to hire an individual who has expertise in typing a proper document for the software projects. The flowchart he will use will start by getting orders from the company, saving the problems statements in the laptop, coming home, switching on the laptop, make two different folders for the project out of which one folder will contain the software which will require coding and the other one will contain the software which will require documentation. Now he will call the person whom he has hired for documenting the project. While he will perform coding for the first software, the other person will start documenting the other software which will reduce the time to complete two orders. In this way, both the orders will get completed simultaneously within six hours instead of

Secularization in Britain-Sociology Dissertation Essay

Secularization in Britain-Sociology Dissertation - Essay Example How are these factors represented in the United Kingdom? In general, secularization is still the word of the day, yet while in the past trends directed almost exclusively towards secularization, now there are mixed trends leading both towards and away from secularization. Secondary data analysis is the reuse of quantitative data, the analysis of data collected by others. The following secondary data analysis is essential to guiding our research. First: It is important for us to understand the theoretical approaches of those who have gone before us. As the secularization theory (McGee) we review below indicates, things that might seem to be a sign of one thing (desecularization) can actually be a sign of another (secularization) if interpreted under a different framework. Understanding what data means, not just prior data, is essential. Second: It's impossible to identify trends without introducing longitudinal data. Thus, surveyed below are studies primarily from the 2000s, but with data and trend analysis going back much earlier than that. Third: To hedge against bias and presuppositions, it is vital to see what others think. The data below is drawn from a number of sources, including multiple major analyses of the UK's religiosity: An analysis of churchgoing; an analysis of the UK as compared to other countries; and longitudinal trends. The variety of sources is essential to get many different handles on the idea of secularization. As our data indicate, the exact definition and amount of religiosity is not something that can be ascertained from one vector. Someone can identify themselves as an atheist yet admit to prayer; someone can view themselves as not especially religious yet be uneasy with the idea of teaching evolution in the schools. We thus chose to look for many different factors to truly understand the face of secularization in the UK. Variables chosen include self-identification as religious or atheistic/agnostic, which is vital for understanding secularization since a secular society should presumably have more secular people; the degree of belief in prayer; the degree of value that people place on religion, such as people's beliefs that religion makes one a better person or causes wars and conflict; belief in evolution, an important specific choice because it acts as a prima facia plausibility test to see if the other variables might be exaggerating the secularization and overestimating its practical and social impact; etc. We did not focus on specific sectarianism as it generally is not important for the way that secularization is proceeding. The limitations of the data analysis below are obvious. The longitudinal data is good but doesn't take into account a broad enough set of variables or ways that people behave. Anomalies emerge, like a general trend towards secularization alongside increased scepticism about evolution. Secondary Data Analysis Unquestionably, the historical trend in the UK has been towards secularizati on. Brierly (1989) found that from 1900 to 1985 the trend was overwhelmingly towards more secularization, and predicted this trend would continue. The British Social Attitudes (2010) studies confirm this fact. The number of people from

A Look At Issue Of Homosexuality Religion Essay

A Look At Issue Of Homosexuality Religion Essay The response of the church to the issue of homosexuality is problematic; it is so because homosexuality now has become so evident and conspicuous. It is shocking how people are coming out in the open as being homosexual and how it is being discussed openly and even receives sympathy from some quarters in the church. The obvious fact is that it can no longer be ignored. In this paper I will discuss how the church in Africa should respond to this problem. ANALYSIS OF CONTROVERSY Homosexuality is a legal offence in most African countries, although in recent years there are attempts to legalize it in some countries, but it is legal in most American states. This is why it is a controversy to the Anglican Communion which is world wide. The definition of homosexuality according to Woods Jr (1968, p.135) the word homosexual can be used to refer to various subtle gradations of erotic attraction or involvement between members of the same sex. The moralist would dismiss moral objections on homosexuality basing on natural law, which they say natural law assumes that the structure of male and female genitals determine their function sexually. The early church also criticized same sex practices, for example Gagnon (2001,p.163) puts it very well that Jews, like Greek and Roman critics of Homosexuality, rejected it on the ground that it was against nature, that is apart from the fact that the law forbade same-sex intercourse. He says there are four reasons why only intercourse between male and female was considered to be in accordance with nature. The first he says is that there is no procreation in Homosexual intercourse and the second reason is that it is an affront to how God designed the male and female organs. The third reason is that there is no natural erotic passion in Homosexual sex says Gagnon and the last he says is that not even animals practice Homosexual intercourse. But some scholars would argue that apart from reproduction purposes, sex serves a number of functions. According to Woods Jr. (1968) the judgment that sex is only for reproduction is as limited to an agrarian, low-population economy as the judgment that pearl are valuable is to a consumer economy. The Lambeth conference resolution number 1.10 of 1998 states that in view of the teaching of scripture, that marriage should be between a man and a woman in a life long union, it recognized that there were persons who experienced themselves as having a homosexual orientation. Some of these people are church members and therefore need pastoral care, moral direction and Gods transforming power. The resolution was to listen to the experience of the homosexual persons and ensure them that God loves them. Although they called for the ministry of the pastoral care to all irrespective of sexual orientation, the resolution did not advise the legitimizing or blessing of the same sex union nor ordaining those in same gender union. Some would argue that in the Bible it is not clear what they meant by homosexuality. For example Bishop David Russell in his leaf let (page 3) wrote that the Biblical writers never ever contemplated the kind of homosexual that we are contemplating today, the Partnerships we are seeking to have affirmed in our time. I do not agree with him and others who think in these lines because the Bible is very clear on homosexuality. In Leviticus 20 :13, it is very clear that a man who has sexual relations with another man, both should be put to death because they have done repulsive thing. The other text, which condemns homosexuality in the New Testament, is Romans 1:26-27 and 1 Corinthians 6:9-10. it is therefore very clear that homosexuality is condemned in the Bible. If the homosexual of the Bible (Leviticus 20:13) is same as the homosexual of today, then homosexuality is an ancient form of sexual perversion. Those who seem to support homosexual argue that we are all sinful, and we have God who is love, who loves infinitely. They even give the example of the woman caught in adultery (John 8) Jesus heals are and blessed her. They say this should be our approach to the whole problem in African communion. The latest response concerning homosexuality was in the article, which appeared in the Post Newspaper of July 12, 2010, where the Church of England blocked the appointment of a gay clergyman (Jeffrey John) to the post of Bishop. This issue brought the liberals and conservatives at loggerheads, and could have possibly affect Arch Bishop Rowan William stand. It is the second time John is being rejected to be consecrated Bishop, on the ground of being gay. Williams said he was not going to allow himself to be pressured into supporting anyone. According to Reuter as quoted in the post (ibid) Williams has always attempted to put a stop to the infighting over the issue of homosexuality in the Anglican Communion and last month he warned those member churches, which approves them or actively oppose them that they will be sidelined from official doctrinal committees. RESPONSE OF CHURCH IN AFRICA The church in Africa does not have one voice on homosexuality. It is divided into three camps. There are those who support homosexuality, for example South Africa. There are those who are neutral, they neither support or condemn for example Zambia, Zimbabwe, and others are those who condemn for example Nigeria and Kenya The province of the church of Central Africa that is Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi stand is that those persons who practice homosexuality are not setting a good example of what scripture teach and those bishops who knowingly ordain them act contrary to the scriptures and teaching of the church. They say it is the responsibility of the church to lead those who deviate from the right teaching of scripture to repentance, and to assure them of Gods forgiveness, hope and dignity. I agree with this statement because it is not all who are in homosexual practices, who are doing because they want to, but some claim to be born homosexuals and they need to be helped. This people have to be brought out and helped, according to Jacques (1976, p.114) the danger of repression is not that it stops people practicing their secret lusts and perversions but that it prevents them from acknowledging them. So the best way for the church to deal with homosexuality is to recognize that homosexuals are there and they need to be helped. As for our country Zambia the problem is not a local one but a communion one. What I mean is that we do not have a homosexual problem as the Anglican Church in Zambia at the moment; we are involved because our church is a worldwide church and what ever affects doctrine in one area affects all. Nevertheless people in Zambia have commented on this issue, for example when Robbinson was consecrated Bishop, the Bishop of Central Diocese Bishop Kamukwamba commented on 12th December,2003 in an interview in Lusaka, the article that appeared on the website Anglican Evangelical Ministries, that the Bishops in Zambia were against the act because it is not biblical and was unchristian. He said the Anglican Church will not associate itself or support gays. He said, however ties with Anglican churches that tried to resist the ordination will be maintained. He said we should support and pray for others to resist further temptations. Another comment came from Bishop Mumbi of Luapula Diocese, just re cently, in his capacity as Zambia Anglican Council Chairman stated as quoted in The Church of England Newspaper (2010) that although the West is promoting homosexual lifestyle it is against Christian belief and African values. He says our traditional morality as Zambians have received double assault from pressure of the west and from rapid breakdown of society due to urbanization. From the above comments from the two bishops we can see that the church in Zambia does not support homosexuality, but at the same time wants to remain in communion with those who practice and support homosexuality. What they believe in is what the bible or scripture teach on marriage, for example, (Genesis 12) which states that God intended Man to be married to a Woman. So following the Genesis arrangement, those who marry from same sex are obviously sinning. Christianity also teaches us not to look down or discriminate sinners, this is shown by Jesuss example with the woman caught in adultery (John 8) he did not condemn or discriminate her and Jesus went to eat with the tax collector and sinners ( Matthew 9:9f). People should not be left in their acts of wrongdoing; they should be helped because people who live in sin will be punished. The example is (Genesis 18:20) God punished the city of Gomorrah and Sodom for the same practices like homosexuality, so people should be helped to refrain from such practices and prayed for as bishop Kamukwamba above suggested. Christianity should be a religion which should show an example of good morals, at the same time love and peace should be proclaimed to every person regardless of their sexuality. The church is the school for sinners and no one should be discriminated. CONCLUSION The issue of homosexuality has been with us for time immemorial, and it will remain with us as long as people continue to exist. But as the church we should approach it with caution, with understanding and consultation so that we may achieve our goal as people who are geared to bring about the kingdom of God. God accepts each one of us as we are, so we should accept each other as we are. So as the Anglican Church and the Arch bishop Williams are looking for the way out of this issue, which is threatening to divide the church, they should embrace and co-exist with the people with homosexual problem in order to help them.

Voting Behavior - What Determines Vote Choice? Essay -- Politics Polit

Many political science researchers study the forces that drive the vote. One of the earliest, and most well known, books about election studies is The American Voter. Written in 1960, the book tries to explain a model that describes what drives Americans to vote the way they do. The model suggests that social factors determine ones party identification, which determines one's issue positions and evaluation of candidate's characteristics. These forces all work together to determine how one will vote. This model may or may not still hold true today, as political researchers are not in agreement as to what exactly drives the vote. One thing that does remain true, however, is that factors such as social groups, party identification, issues, and retrospective evaluations all play some part in determining the vote. Although issues play a role in determining vote choice, social forces and retrospective evaluations are the most important factors the American public takes into consideration when deciding who to vote for. Fewer Americans identify with a political party today- in 1992 about 39% of the American public considered themselves as Independents. Before the 1982 election only 35% reported that they were Independents. This suggests that party identification is on the decline despite the American Voter finding that most everyone had a party identification and that their identification did not change much over their lifetime. (Abramson, Aldrich, Rohde, 225) Many people change their opinion about an issue over time, and only feel strongly about a few issues. Because Americans lack the knowledge of politician's positions on issues, and lack opinions of their own for the most part, they rely on other factors when determining who... ...ming. Retrospective evaluations require little knowledge or time and anyone can evaluate the President and the economy fairly quickly. Issues are always going to be important to the few that actively support them, but for the most part we rely on social groups and party identification, or retrospective evaluations when an incumbent is running, to help us decide who to vote for. BIBLIOGRAPHY Abramson, Paul R., John H. Aldrich, David W. Rohde. Change and Continuity in the 1992 Elections. 1995. Washington DC: Congressional Quarterly. Campbell, Angus, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller, and Donald E. Stokes. The American Voter. 1960. New York: Wiley. Erikson, Robert S., Kent L. Tedin. American Public Opinion. 1995. Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon. Luker, Kristin. Abortion and the Politics of Motherhood. 1984. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Drug Monitoring Program

While the war on drugs has seemingly gotten better, there is a certain type of drug that is becoming increasingly difficult to keep track of and control. Most people would have never thought that pharmaceutical drugs would be the cause of more deaths in the state of Florida than heroin and cocaine related deaths combined in 2007. Nearly 550 of those death happened in the Tampa Bay area, leading this to becoming one of the biggest drug abuse crisis in quite some time. A drug monitoring program would be such a program that keeps track of the dispensing of pharmaceuticals, mainly controlled substances, that would potentially disable distribution of street drugs, put a halt to â€Å"doctor shopping†, put doctors that write fake scripts under the radar, hopefully reduce the amount of people that become dependent upon narcotics and diminish the number of people of overdosing on these lethal prescription drugs. A study was conducted by an independent contractor to assess the proficiency of drug monitoring programs. The research showed that in states where a drug program was in place the supply of illegally obtained pharmaceuticals and the likelihood of abuse was significantly reduced. The study also showed that if law enforcement, rather than health oriented officials, were the ones to monitor the information there was a greater chance of success in reducing pharmaceutical abuse. Florida is currently one of the only states that does not have a drug monitoring program in place. For years, lawmakers in Florida have turned down such programs saying cost and privacy as their main concerns. Even the federal government has offered the state money, many states have already bought in; however, Florida has not. Some lawmakers state â€Å"programs are too expensive† and worry about â€Å"placing private patient information in the hands of the government† (Tisch, & VanSickle, 2008). Thirty four other states, however, do have programs in place. Surrounding states such as: Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Texas all have drug monitoring programs. Kentucky's KASPER program â€Å"started in 1999 as a fax-based system and in 2005 was converted to the first self-service, Web-based system of its kind. It tracks all schedule II-IV controlled substance prescriptions dispensed by licensed pharmacists within the commonwealth and helps medical practitioners physicians, pharmacists and law enforcement fight â€Å"doctor shopping.† A KASPER report shows all scheduled prescriptions for an individual over a specified time period, the prescriber and the dispenser† (KASPER grant release, 2008). Additionally, Indiana's INSPECT program require licensed pharmacies in Indiana are required to report dispension of schedule II controlled substances. In early 2004, grant funding through the Harold Rogers grant program, helped create INSPECT in its current form. Additional funding for the programs is provided by the state itself and all data collection and maintenance are handled in-house, meaning information is only accessible to registered users and through a secure Web site connection that is run by program staff. With the death toll rising, along with the number of those addicted, it would be impossible for me as a member of the health care community to deny the obvious need for a drug monitoring program in Florida. Before reading the plethora of articles available on the subject, I knew there was a problem; I suppose I just wasn't aware of how severe it really was. I am shocked it has gotten to the point it has without intervention and to be honest a bit embarrassed of the burden we have become to surrounding states. I don't have experience dealing with pharmaceutical abuse in my nursing practice as of yet. I do, unfortunately, have experience dealing with the all too commonly abused oxycodone in interpersonal relationships. I have seen the damage it can do to people firsthand. The way it can slowly steal someone you love, replacing them with someone you don't know at all. These drugs can have incredible therapeutic benefits if used in the context intended, but are too often used for reasons far beyond detrimental. I truly hope the information I have learned doesn't ever make me doubt anyone who says they are in pain, but I can't see how it won't. I will not, however, deny anyone in my care pain relief if they say they need it.

Torts essays

Torts essays In Grishams newest book, The King of Torts, a young trial lawyer at the OPD becomes involved with mass tort litigation. Clay Carter was just a simple man, who always got stuck with murder cases, but his next case seems a little different. Not motive, and many witnesses. It just doesnt add up. When Clay gets a tip on the case from a mysterious man named Max Pace, his life will change forever. A firefighter, Max Pace, recruits Carter to keep clients in the D.C. area quiet about a drug code named Tarvan. This drug, in some cases, causes the patient to become a killer. Clays latest case is one of the patients taking Tarvan. Pace supplies Clay with an office building and suggests some staff. Carter immediately leaves the OPD for this new, shiny office and about a million dollars in case dues. Meanwhile, Clay has just lost his long-time girlfriend, and possible fianc, Rebecca Van Horn, because of her rich parents, who hated him. Clay, thinking that he could impress her, is even more motivated by Paces suggestion at big money. But shocking news comes later. Rebecca is engaged already! Clay switches clients, from the defendant to the plaintive. He wraps up the cases quickly, and earns around $15 million. Clay was content to sit back and rest awhile, but Max was all ready to throw another case in his lap. This time its a drug called Dyloft. This drug was for arthritis. Yet in about five percent of the patients develop tumors in their bladder. This throws Clay in with multi-million dollar mass tort lawyer Patton French. Once Clay teams up with French, he begins to forget much of his common sense. He buys a private jet, a yacht, and many other unnecessary items of great wealth. He even hooks up with an ex-lingerie model, Ridley, from the country of Georgia to make Rebecca jealous. Sometime after the Dyloft cases had been settled, other tumors began to pop up in...

The political carreers of Huey Long and Father Coughlin essays

The political carreers of Huey Long and Father Coughlin essays Throughout the Great Depression the United States went through tremendous change. When there is a time of great change, there are always people who oppose it, whether the change is good or bad. The issue of this report is not to discuss if the changes in America throughout the depression were positive or negative, but to discuss the people who opposed it; primarily focusing on Huey Long and Charles Coughlin, or Father Coughlin, and their reasoning and methods of protest. Huey Long and Father Coughlin were extremely influential politicians who opposed the creeping new society of Big Business and high technology. They blamed certain companies and theyre owners (Carnegie, Rockefeller, Pullman, ect.) of Big Business for the financial distraught of America, and were very successful in conveying their argument. However, they were not so successful in achieving their goal in the destruction of this new technological society, for the simple reason that they were too late. The society of America and the world had already turned towards this economic change. To understand the views of Long and Coughlin you must understand the people that they are. Huey Long was a fiery young man from the start. At the age of twenty he made the prophecy that he would run for election first to secondary stated office in Louisiana, then for governor, then for United States Senator, and finally for president (page 8). He had the combination of ruthless ambition, along with compassion of the downtrodden. Throughout his life he completed all of his predictions, except for the most prestigious: the presidency. Many believe the only reason he did not succeed in becoming president is because he was assassinated before he got the chance. He was known to many as the Kingfish, referring to his near dictatorship on Louisiana. He constantly went off into filibusters during congressional meetings, whether it be to pursuade against or in fav...

Cancer Biology and MicroRNAs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cancer Biology and MicroRNAs - Essay Example These various RNAs then decide how the amino acids will be coded to make the final protein chain and hence the expression of the genes. MicroRNAs however, are non-coding which means that they are not involved in the transcription and the translation process in any way. They are small molecules and they contain about twenty to twenty-five nucleotides. The role of the micro RNAs is to regulate gene expression as the work of the coding RNA needs to be streamlined to avoid abnormal or wrong coding. They are also very important in RNA silencing which involves suppressing the effect of a gene or more than one gene after coding has taken place (Dutta & Lee, 2010). This can also be important in the elimination of certain unwanted genes form the body. RNA silencing involves the use of antisense RNA which is used in the gene silencing. The identification of the two were among the greatest works done in this field in the last century. Of more importance is the realization that miRNA were signif icant players in the etiology of cancer. Further studies have shown that the miRNAs can be used in cancer therapy and so understanding their nature existence and roles is of great importance to molecular biology. miRNAs are often expressed differently in various stages of development in the organism an aspect that made them be called small temporal RNA due to their temporary expression (Dutta & Lee, 2010). The techniques used to measure their expression include Northern blotting and primer extension assay. This has been developed to help in understanding the small aspects of DNA and RNA that scientists could have ignored or bypassed in the past. As highlighted earlier, micro RNAs play a role in suppressing target messenger RNA expression. This is a complex interaction which includes interacting with 3’UTR in the mRNA. What has been noted is that there are many mismatches in the micro RNA target sites a situation  that is still being probed to establish the cause and effects in gene mRNA expression. miRNA is also known to inhibit or decrease the target levels in the respective mRNA and so this can affect the organism adversely or serve as a predisposing factor for cancer.

Individual assignment 1 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual assignment 1 - Case Study Example According to Comfort Limited management board, they believed that the company needed to change its leadership as most of the problems that resulted into failure of the company stemmed from the poor leadership. In the company, under the leadership of the Stellan, it was evident that the company understood that there was a need for a refined strategy. There was however unmatched strategic approach with the leadership in place. Though Stallen had adverse information concerning strategies that would propel business into high levels, it was clear that there was discrepancy between the management skills and the strategic skills. It can be seen that there is some complain among the members of the management. Though it is clear that the company has adopted a new strategy of product rebranding, the company still has to create different sections in the company such as the quality assurance to persuade the employees that this would be successful strategy. At this point, the company needs to inv est its resources on the external factors such as intensive marketing and product promotion rather than creation of more expenses within to deal with the internal affairs. Without a good leadership, strategic changes of the company development would not be received well. In the case of Comfort Limited, it is evident that the employees are moving out of the company while complaining that they are not given opportunity to air their thoughts, and that the CEO is running the organization single handedly. When Stallen took over as the CEO, the study indicates that he constantly met the employees and assured them of the success of the business. Though in this case one would say that the CEO was an optimistic person, it would also be correct to remember that his optimism did not place reality aspect of the business into focus. While the employees were well aware that there was some

Human Resources Management and Organisational Dynamics Essay

Human Resources Management and Organisational Dynamics - Essay Example n on existence for 23 years; now, it is acknowledged as the largest independent business process outsourcing (BPO) player in Asia, employing no less than 2,000 Filipinos. Its expanse of BPO services diversely cover medical transcription, data conversion / encoding and software support services, mainly delivered for Fortune 500 blue chip companies. One of the strategies of SPI is to find and select employees who have the right orientation towards work and productivity right at the onset. SPI advocates the idea of a right hire resulting to a quick start. Based on strategic objectives and plans, competency requirements are laid down on a per position - per level basis. These competencies then become the basis of all HR systems, linking these systems clearly and logically. These same competency requirements then become the basis for targeted selection, against which potential employees are behaviorally assessed. This implies that right at the start – at the first step – of hiring, that SPI employees blend well into the organization’s culture and business strategy. Competencies are general descriptions of the abilities necessary to perform a role in the organization. These are usually described in measurable terms. They differ from job descriptions – while job descriptions typically list the tasks or functions and responsibilities for a role, competencies list the abilities needed to conduct those tasks or functions (McNamara, 2005). Assessing an individual’s specific strengths and development needs as they relate to the success profiles across levels of supervisors, managers and executive is a key component to selection, development, and promotion decisions.  Information and data used to drive these decisions must be accurate and objective. Targeted Selection is a system designed to meet the needs of a diversified workforce, offers a solution to common selection problems. Targeted Selection takes a systems approach to selection decisions: All aspects

Recommendations to the Wallace Group Essay Example for Free

Recommendations to the Wallace Group Essay Mr. Wallace, I have concluded my interviews with your team and have a list of recommendations based on priorities. The recommendations are unbiased and not intended to be personal attacks on the current management; they are based on the sound management principles and intended to maximize your company’s potential. a. Realign the corporate structure. Begin by recruiting a new board of directors using outside directors, â€Å"executives of other firms but are not employees of the board’s corporation†1, in addition to a limited number of management directors from inside the company. This combination of three companies working as independent entities is not working, they must be integrated and a different management organizational structure must be implemented. This group will be able to accomplish the next recommendation. b. Develop a mission statement and goals. The company must embark upon strategic management planning. This will include: †¢Clearer sense of strategic vision for the firm †¢Sharper focus on what is strategically important Improved understanding of a rapidly changing environment1 The Wallace group lacks vision and goals for its divisions and this leads to a lack of direction for the management team. A mission statement â€Å"defines the fundamental, unique purpose that sets a company apart from other firms of its type and identifies the scope of the company’s operations in terms of products offered and markets served†1. This business must develop a corporate wide strategic management plan to set a direction for the company and its shareholders. A part of this management planning would consist of SWOT analysis, strategy formulation, implementation and evaluation. This process is often referred to as Plan – Do – Act – Check or PDAC and is a continuous process. Making a profit today is not enough; there has to be an evaluation of where the company is now, where will it be in 2, 5, 10 years and how the company will attain those goals. c. Change the organizational chart: There needs to be an in-depth evaluation of the personnel currently in place. The current chart is one of vertical structure and should be revamped to be more horizontal. This accomplishes the goals of empowerment and coordination between the divisions. A glaring problem is the VP of the chemical division, J. Luskics, as he was the former owner that guided the company into foreclosure and appears to not be running the division efficiently now. The chemical division is not even internally competitive for the plastics or electronics divisions. Mr. Luskics should either be bought out of the company or reassigned to a position that he might be successful. There also is a redundancy among positions in the company, for example there are three directors of industrial relations, these positions should either be combined or incentivized to cooperate in the best interest of the company. d. Personnel development. There is no apparent leadership development in place and the company has relied on promoting technical staff to management positions which many are not equipped to handle. There needs to be a leadership development series initiated, leadership retreats to communicate and encourage relations amongst the teams, and perhaps some Management Assessment of Proficiency (MAP) testing to asses the current management team. Management development and succession planning must be implemented to ensure long term success. Job responsibilities need to be developed and implemented for all positions but specifically for the management team; including specific goals, budgeting, forecasting (long range planning), training, and staff satisfaction. . Communication. The lack of clear strategies, long term plans, goals and objectives has led to the recent revolt at the stockholders meeting. This is a clear indication of the frustration felt from the staff level up and the new direction of the company must be clearly communicated to all staff. Enthusiasm is contagious and the presentation of a new course for the company will be very exciting for staff. Employee surveys, sugges tion boxes and an engaging of the front line staff will do much to improve morale and spark improvements. I would like to commend you sir for creating a successful company but I do believe there are concrete steps that you can take to improve the future of this company. Mr. Wallace I believe the development of a vision will produce great results, with this vision you will attract personnel that want to be a part of a great company and profits for all involved will naturally follow. Remember â€Å"Visionary companies make some of their best moves by experimentation, trial and error, opportunism, and – quite literally – accident†2. I estimate that this plan of action will initially cost $1. 5 million but there will be cost savings realized in personnel reassignments, recruitment and retention, productivity, and a renewed sense of commitment that will be reflected in profits far surpassing the costs.

Polonius in Shakespeares Hamlet :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Polonius in Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In Shakespeare’s dramatic tragedy, Hamlet, the first victim of the rapier, Polonius, meets death behind the arras in Gertrude’s room in the castle. Polonius’ death contributes to Ophelia’s death and the deaths of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern; and these deaths, in turn, precipitate further tragedies in the play. Polonius, an underestimated character, will be the subject of this essay.    Polonius’ entry into the play occurs at the social get-together of the royal court. Claudius has already been crowned; Queen Gertrude is there; Hamlet is present in the black clothes of mourning. When Laertes approaches Claudius to give his farewell before returning to school, the king asks Polonius: â€Å"Have you your father's leave? What says Polonius?† And the father dutifully answers:    He hath, my lord, wrung from me my slow leave   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By laboursome petition, and at last   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Upon his will I seal'd my hard consent:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I do beseech you, give him leave to go.    So right at the outset the reader/viewer respects the lord chamberlain as a very fluent spokesman of the language, and respectful of his superior, the king. Later, in Polonius’ house, Laertes is taking leave of his sister, Ophelia, and, in the process, giving her conservative advice regarding her boyfriend, Hamlet. Quietly Polonius enters and begins to advise Laertes regarding life away from home:   Ã‚   Give thy thoughts no tongue,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nor any unproportioned thought his act.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Those friends thou hast, and their adoption tried,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But do not dull thy palm with entertainment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of each new-hatch'd, unfledged comrade. Beware   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of entrance to a quarrel, but being in,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bear't that the opposed may beware of thee.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Take each man's censure, but reserve thy judgment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But not express'd in fancy; rich, not gaudy;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For the apparel oft proclaims the man,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And they in France of the best rank and station   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Are of a most select and generous chief in that.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Neither a borrower nor a lender be;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For loan oft loses both itself and friend,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This above all: to thine ownself be true,